List Methods and Operations

Adding Methods

• append(x) - Adds x to end
• extend(iterable) - Adds all elements from iterable
• insert(i, x) - Inserts x at index i

Removing Methods

• remove(x) - Removes first occurrence (ValueError if not found)
• pop() - Removes and returns last (or at index)
• clear() - Removes all elements
• del list[i] - Deletes element at index

Search Methods

• index(x) - Returns index of first x
• count(x) - Returns count of x

Sorting

• sort() - Sorts in-place, returns None
• sorted(list) - Returns new sorted list
• reverse() - Reverses in-place
• reversed(list) - Returns iterator

Copying

• list[:] or list.copy() - Shallow copy
• copy.deepcopy(list) - Deep copy

Key Points

• append() adds ONE element, extend() adds MULTIPLE
• sort() modifies list, sorted() creates new
• Shallow copy shares nested objects
• pop() returns removed element, remove() doesn’t